Skip to Main Content

APA Citation Style

Live Help

Chat loading...

Related Guides

Personal Communication

Personal communication (such as a conversation, email or unpublished interview) is not included in the references, but does require an in-text citation.  This in-text citation should consist of the words "personal communication," the speaker's name (including initials), and the date.

Template:

...(S. Speaker, personal communication, Month day, year)

Example:

... (J. Smith, personal communication, May 18, 2008)

Printable Handouts

Other Resources