The references at the end of a paper give all of the information necessary to identify and locate the sources used in that paper. All in-text citations in the paper correspond with a resource on the reference list.
Placement: Start the reference list on a new page, after the body of the assignment.
Title: Type the word References at the top of the page, bold it, and center it.
Order: Order entries alphabetically by last name of author, first word of a corporate author, or, if no author, first word of title (excluding A, An, The, etc.)
Spacing: Double-space all entries
Hanging Indent: The first line of each entry should be left aligned, subsequent lines are indented 1 inch (2.5cm).
To differentiate between two or more works by the same author in the same year, assign letter suffixes to the publication year.
Example:
Ignace, M. (1998a). Secwepemc songbook : 1998 teachers’ guide. Secwepemc Cultural Education Society.
Ignace, M. (1998b). Secwepemc culture kit. Secwepemc Cultural Education Society.
The author's last name comes first, followed by their initials.
Template:
Author, A. A. (Year). ...
Example:
Smith, J. P. (2008). ...
Authors' names are listed in the order in which they occur in the document. They are separated by a comma and an "&".
Template:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). ...
Example:
Lind, R., & Cohen. J. (2009). ...
Authors' names are listed in the order in which they occur in the document. They are separated by commas and the last two are separated by an "&".
Template:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). ...
Example
Peters, L., Clark, W., & Ball, C. (2010). ...
List the first nineteen authors, then ellipses (...), but no ampersand (&), and then add the last author. Remember to list the authors' names in the order in which they occur on the document!
Template:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., Author, T. T., Author, U. U.,... Author, Z. Z. (Year). ...
Example
Koerner, S., Smith, M. D., Burkepile, D. E., Hanan, N. P., Avolio, M. L., Collins, S. L., Knapp, A. K., Lemoine, N. P., Forrestel, E.J., Eby, S., Thompson, D. I., Aguado-Santacruz, G. A., Anderson, J. P., Anderson, T. M., Angassa, A., Bagchi, S., Bakker, E. S., Bastin, G., Baur, L.E., Beard, K. H., Beever, E. A.,Bohlen, P. J.,… Zelikova, T. J. (2018). Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2(12), 1925-1932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0696-y
When an organization, rather than an individual, takes responsibility for the creation of a work, that organization is treated as a collective or corporate author.
Note: Only use an abbreviation in the in-text citation. Use the full corporate name in the reference list.
Template:
Corporate Author. (Year). Title of Book or Report. ...
Example:
Statistics Canada. (2013). Gross domestic product by industry, July 2013. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130930/dq130930a-eng.htm
A source that appears to have no author usually has a corporate author. If this is not the case, then the title is used in place author's name:
Template:
Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. (Year). ...
Example
Oxford English Dictionary. (2013). ...